The period marks a shift toward bioactive, cell-driven regenerative strategies, where materials are designed to actively guide tissue formation rather than passively support it. Researchers advanced biodegradable, porous scaffolds and surface chemistries that promote direct bonding to bone and vascular tissues, integrating insights from bone biology and vascular engineering into material design. A unifying theme was the movement from inert devices toward integrative platforms capable of remodeling tissue in situ. Historical Significance: The era established core principles that continue to shape regenerative biomaterials: surfaces that catalyze bone-like apatite formation, fully biological tissue-engineered vessels, and scaffolds informed by multiscale structure–function relationships. The period highlighted breakthroughs that link material interfacial chemistry and mechanical performance, informing modern scaffold design and clinical translation. The advent of autologous progenitor sources, such as adipose-derived cells, and biodegradable PLLA/HA porous composites broadened the material toolkit and set the trajectory for multipurpose regenerative platforms.